HIV

HIV is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. An HIV infection can manifest itself in many ways. In the early stages, there are often non- specific flu-like symptoms. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is diagnosed when certain (serious) medical complaints arise, such as infections, neurological disorders, and malignant tumors, which can ultimately lead to death.

Additional information is available from the RIVM.

HIV infection occurs through blood contact (body fluids contaminated with blood on broken skin), needlestick injuries, splashes, cuts, and bites.

Lifelong, unless adequate treatment results in an undetectable viral load.

In principle, 2-4 weeks until flu-like symptoms appear, after which clinical HIV infection can develop if left untreated.

Vaccination against HIV is not possible.

There is a risk of infection if there is contact with blood or other bodily fluids through needlestick, splash, cut, or bite accidents. The estimated risk of transmission in the event of a needlestick accident involving HIV-positive blood is approximately 0.03%, depending on the type of needlestick accident (see the National Guideline on Needle Stick Accidents issued by the RIVM).

(Para)medical personnel (including dentists) who perform many invasive procedures (e.g., gynecologists) have an increased risk of HIV infection.

• At an older age at the time of infection.
• People with underlying chronic conditions.
• People with weakened immunity.

(Para)medical personnel who perform many invasive procedures (e.g., gynecologists).

• Needle systems equipped with a safety mechanism that (automatically) shields the used needle.
• Needle container within reach.
• Safety goggles, face protection, disposable gloves.

Allow the wound to bleed freely and rinse with water or saline solution. Then disinfect the wound with a skin disinfectant. In case of contamination of the mucous membranes, rinse immediately and as thoroughly as possible with water or saline solution.

Follow the protocol of the umc where you work. Contact the company doctor/expert responsible as soon as possible, and in any case within two hours, after accidental blood contact (by telephone).

Every umc has a needlestick injury protocol in place, stipulating that employees can consult an expert 24 hours a day for a risk assessment of the incident and the necessary follow-up steps. It is important that the employee reports the incident as soon as possible, preferably within 2 hours, and no later than 72 hours after the needle stick injury, so that post-exposure treatment can be started if necessary. The RIVM has national guidelines for needle stick injuries.

• HIV infection | LCI guideline RIVM
• Hepatitis B and C and HIV: prevention of iatrogenic transmission | LCI guideline RIVM
• Needlestick injuries | LCI guideline RIVM